News: Question 3 Revision

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Question 3: Context, Audience & Ownership
  • Refer to set products - Guardian and Daily Mail
  • Touch on Context
  • Can touch on any of the following areas: way news is produced/distributed/circulated and how this affects the news. For example, news nowadays is produced online. 
  • Digitally convergent media (you can access it on lots of different digital platforms; on your laptop or on your social media feed or watch it on certain news channels)
  • Ownership/Regulation
  • Daily Mail (Lord Rotheremere/Rotheremere family) makes most of its money from advertising
  • Guardian makes most of its money from subscription
  • Scott Trust etc, OWNERSHIP
  • Define audience in terms of age, be clear on who the audience are.
  • How the news reaches its audience
  • Shirky/Jenkins 
Distribution/Circulation:

How news is distributed and then shared throughout the world. This affects news as it could be biased, for example Daily Mail focuses on soft news like celebrity news because they know it makes money. Online news merges with social, there are powerful algorithms at play on social media that sort out your news feed; based on your on views and institutional things. The news we get on social has been selected by Guardian/Daily Mail and then filtered by social media platform.

Most of the time it's great that we can get news whenever we want but it can get problematic, e.g. new zealand killer; several tabloids uploaded footage of the killings. In a day or so they accepted that it was wrong, with a much more fast moving news Tabloids have little time to make decisions.

The audience for news:

  • Highly interactive
  • Get news from social
  • We're now prosumers, we don't just consume the news we share and make comments.
  • Collective intelligence.
  • Citizen Journalism: videos/photographs of scene of the news that local people have sent in.
  • Interactive audience: comments, Guardian encourages comments. 
  • Prosumer activity; shares on social media.
  • Guardian's Most Viewed section
Shirky & Jenkins:
  • Active or participatory audience
  • Textual Poachers
  • Those are Jenkins
  • Shirky believes in 'end of audience'
Citizen Journalism is empowering.. Might underestimate the power of the news oligopoly. 

Effects Theory:

Bandura - Hyperdermic needle, media can influence people directly - human values, judgement and conduct can be altered directly by media modelling. 

A) People mess around with facts
B) We can brainwash if we only hear one side of the story. Free Press story

Others would argue that Bandura is no longer relevant as people look at different sides.

Gerbner - Cultivation theory: Exposure to television (or news) over long periods of time cultivates standardised roles and behaviours. heavy uses of television are more likely to develop mean world syndrome.

Hall - most of the stories we're told by media give us one version e.g. Refugees are problematic, Hall would say this is a dominant narrative. News reproduces dominant ideology, it is possible for us to oppose these though. 

Daily is more hegemonic, they're more likely to reimpose and reinforce dominant ideology. Due to their less liberal less open minded status quo which follows the current government. The Guardian is different as they oppose by offering people to give their opinions on things such as The Opinion section.



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