News: Question 4 Revision

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Be asked to apply theory to our case study
Evaluate how useful this is in relation to audience/ownership of set product
Won't know until we sit the exam which theory will come up
Don't need to explain the theory in detail but must evaluate it.

ALL THEORIES IN DETAIL:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sG40mHx5kEUIhkD1EeEecnTKgN09HONTPg57P-QH7WU/edit

Explain theory and how it is supported:

  • Outline the theory in just two sentences
  • How the theory is supported; PEE
  • How is it NOT useful; PEE
  • Conclude if it is useful or not.
APPLYING THEORY:

Audience

Hall & Jenkins:
  • The audience might be more likely to make a negotiated or oppositional reading to Daily Mail due to it reinforming dominant ideologies
  • The Guardian challenges ideologies sometimes therefore the audience doesn't need to do so much work.
  • Jenkins would support Citizen Journal and comments on the news website
  • Jenkins could talk about how sharing on social media would create storyworks.
Bandura & Gerbner:

  • The examples of repeated stories such as anti Harry and Meghan lead to belief that they're destroying the royal family - Cultivation Theory
  • Bandura / Media Effects / Hypodermic Needle - Not useful as Bandura suggests you see one story and take it all at face value, we're not likely to do that. Maybe vulnerable children who might not cross reference or check. But most people will look at other versions of that theory.
Shirkey:
  • No longer an audience, instead there are prosumers.
  • People who consume the news also make their own news which come in form of their own news or memes or videos. Cognitive Surplus; people in their spare time choose to make these products about news in their beliefs.
  • For example; tributes to Kobe Bryant and memes about Coronavirus; when the Guardian covered story of 2019 March; segregated play areas and the reason why this illustrated shirkey because there was so much audience interaction that the Government  got involved.
Industry

Curran & Seaton:
  • Power without responsibility
  • The Daily Mail supports this because they have an oligarch / press baron, who is about pursuing profit and power at the cost of quality or taking responsibility. Responsible Journalism.
  • The Guardian refutes because they do attempt to take responsibility, they do have some checks and balance put in to take responsibility for example Ethical Advertising Policy (Won't allow Oil companies to help because of the environmental causes)+ Own Self Regulation System
Hesmondhalgh:
  • The idea of sticking to the mainstream and not risk losing audience
  • Daily Mail sticks to Celebrity news, keeping their audience.
  • The Guardian refuse, they cover social justice stories and niche stories particularly with their opinion sections.
Media Language

Todorov &  Levi Strauss:
  • Simple Narrative; beginning middle and end.
  • This doesn't really apply to news, News doesn't have an ending.
  • But.. The News could talk about Narrative such as Brexit, but there's no beginning or end. 
  • Could argue that news has many narrative problems, it relies on that.
  • Daily Mail might be more likely to 'narratify'  a story/ Simplify it.
  • Levi Strauss speaks on binary oppositions. 
  • The royal family - good guy would be the queen and the bad guy would be megan
  • Two different ideas of femininity,  Showing Megan to be against dominant ideologies.
  • Example - Daily Mail General Election Boris Good Jeremy Bad; Guardian reversed this binary.
Neale:
  • Features of popular newspapers and tabloids; talk about conventions - soft news and celebrities, focus on visuals over text.
  • Contrast this with generic features of quality newspapers.

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